![]() ![]() Typical sleep cycle patterns change throughout our lives, too. An expert panel has since then backed the idea of the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep based on reviewing research studies about sleep duration and key health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pain and depression. One theory is that it may have come from the idea that a day should be split into thirds - one-third is to be spent working, one-third is to be spent on recreation, and the remaining third is reserved for sleep. Nobody knows where the suggestion we should all be aiming for eight hours of sleep came from. Yes, some people might need eight hours - but they would be in the minority. Some of us might only need five hours of sleep. We all have an individual sleep requirements. You probably don’t need eight hours of sleep. That’s why staying asleep throughout the night is key to getting the REM sleep you need. The initial REM sleep phase lasts only about 10 minutes, but the ones that follow become longer and longer. So if you sleep 8 hours every night, approximately 2 hours of those are REM sleep. On average, about 20-25% of our sleep is REM sleep. However, our body needs less deep sleep as we age. ![]() So if you sleep 8 hours every night, 1-2 of those are deep sleep (around 20-40 minutes in every sleep cycle). On average, about 10-20% of our sleep is deep sleep. On average, we spend 60% of our sleep between stages 1 and 2. Light sleep makes up the largest stretch of the sleep cycle. When sleep pressure is low, we are more likely to wake and not fall back to sleep, because that drive to sleep is no longer as intense as it was at the start of the night. Sleep pressure builds the longer we are awake. Very few of us fall asleep as soon as our heads hit the pillow - and if we do, this suggests that we are excessively sleepy. A typical adult can expect to fall asleep somewhere between 10 and 30 minutes after getting into bed. Being awake is part of sleep tooįalling asleep isn’t the equivalent of flicking an off switch - we don’t suddenly go from being awake to being asleep, and when we are asleep we aren’t “switched off”. Since we are cycling between lighter and deeper sleep throughout the night, it makes sense that we are going to wake a few times during the night - often during the lighter stages of sleep. In other words, the body is able to compensate for sleep loss all by itself. This is probably why we can be remarkably productive and reasonably energetic after a day (or more) of very little sleep. When we are sleep deprived, the body will prioritize deep sleep and REM sleep. In the second half of the night, we tend to spend more time in REM sleep and the lighter stages of NREM sleep.This means that after just a few hours of sleep, our body has likely got all the deep sleep it needs. In other words, we get pretty much all of our deepest sleep in the first half of the night. In the first half of the night, we tend to spend more time in NREM sleep and in the deepest stage of NREM sleep.Our sleep will cycle between NREM and REM sleep throughout the night in sleep cycles that start with NREM sleep and end with REM sleep. This type of sleep is associated with dreaming, and during this period of sleep, our brains show activity levels similar to quiet wakefulness. Once we have gone through the process of falling from lighter to deeper sleep, we’ll typically move into REM sleep. Adults will typically spend most of their sleep in NREM sleep, which is made up of three distinct sleep stages ranging from very light sleep to deep sleep. Sleep is made up of two different stages - Rapid Eye-Movement (REM) sleep and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep. What does a normal sleep cycle look like? ![]()
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![]() Read our super FAQ to see if your question is covered. We’ve compiled a list of the questions we get asked most frequently along with answers and links to columns: With enough storage, you can select all images (or that you want) from the Smart Folder or the Spotlight-scoped search results and Option-drag to copy them to a single location, which you can then import or reference into a photo-managing app. If you want to grab all the media in your Photos folder and you have an iPhoto or Photos library stored there, make sure their parent apps aren’t running, and temporarily move those libraries to another place on the same drive. From the Search bar that appear, click the folder name.īoth a Smart Folder and this Spotlight search have the benefit of flattening media in all nested folders, so you see everything at a single level.Click in the Spotlight search and enter kind:image.Open a regular Finder window ( New > New Finder Window).To use this method of limiting to a folder you want to search within, such as Documents or Desktop: It also integrates with iPhoto, Photos, Aperture (the final version), and Lightroom to mark duplicate images within those libraries, which might obviate having to consolidate your media.Ĭopy out of a Smart Folder: This approach doesn’t gather images, but it provides a single place to see where everything is stored across all indexed drives and then copy it. You can use this after consolidating all your media in one place to be sure you aren’t keeping multiple copies of everything. ![]() Photosweeper 3: While it doesn’t manage images, Photosweeper does let you scan folders and disks to find duplicates. You can create a smart folder that contains them all if you have a mix of imported and referenced ones. Those images and videos get tagged with a tiny icon. You can manage media in Photos without importing. Referenced items have a special mark on them that looks like an arrow pointing out of a rectangle (see figure below). To set that option in Photos, go to Preferences > General, and uncheck Copy Items to the Photos Library. That’s not precisely what Todd wants, but it’s an option some people employ so that Photos only has thumbnails, modified images, and other data inside its library. In the Photos app, by reference: Photos in macOS can work on images without importing them, letting you keep your organization without copying everything. Adobe offers it by subscription in app/cloud storage bundles that start at $10 a month. You can import media directly into it, and it will create folders for you as well. It’s my go-to app after Aperture was killed, and I find it a great editor and a reasonable organizational tool. Adobe Lightroom: Lightroom can reference media files anywhere on any attached drive, so you don’t have to consolidate them. ![]() ![]() ![]() ** Sync with iOS devices requires Be Focused Pro for iOS, sold separately. * Integration with Focus Matrix requires the Pro version of Focus Matrix, sold separately. Integration with Focus Matrix to manage tasks using Eisenhower's urgent/important principle* Ability to adjust alarm and chronometer volumes ![]() Customizable frequency of the chronometer sound Global hotkeys to start or stop the timer from any app Ability to paste a task list from other apps Customize reports for fast and easy goal tracking Estimate the number of intervals required to complete a task and track the estimation error Block distracting apps and websites during work intervals ![]() Use filters by tags and due dates to keep focussed on the most important tasks Specify different timer settings for different tasks
![]() ![]() The International Dictionary of Food and Cooking defines this cheese as "a soft spun-curd cheese similar to mozzarella made from cow's milk" that is "sed particularly for pizzas and contains somewhat less water than real mozzarella". Several variants have been specifically formulated and prepared for use on pizza, such as low-moisture mozzarella cheese. Variants Mozzarella on a pizza napoletana Ovolini refers to smaller-sized bocconcini, and sometimes to cherry bocconcini. Mozzarella is also available in smoked ( affumicata) and reduced-moisture, packaged varieties. When twisted to form a plait, mozzarella is called treccia. In this last form it is often used to prepare dishes cooked in the oven, such as lasagna and pizza. It is soaked in salt water ( brine) or whey, and other times citric acid is added and it is partly dried (desiccated), its structure being more compact. Mozzarella, recognised as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG/STG) since 1996 in the EU, is available fresh, usually rolled into a ball of 80 to 100 grams (2.8 to 3.5 oz) or about 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter, and sometimes up to 1 kg (2.2 lb) or about 12 cm (4.7 in) in diameter. An earlier reference of Monsignor Alicandri is also often cited as describing mozzarella which states that in the 12th century the Monastery of Saint Lorenzo, in Capua, Campania, Alicandri offered pilgrims a piece of bread with "mozza". The term is first mentioned in 1570, cited in a cookbook by Bartolomeo Scappi, reading "milk cream, fresh butter, ricotta cheese, fresh mozzarella and milk". Mozzarella, derived from the Southern Italian dialects spoken in Apulia, Calabria, Campania, Abruzzo, Molise, Basilicata, Lazio, and Marche, is the diminutive form of mozza ("cut"), or mozzare ("to cut off"), derived from the method of working. Mozzarella is used for most types of pizza and several pasta dishes or served with sliced tomatoes and basil in Caprese salad. Low-moisture mozzarella can be kept refrigerated for up to a month, though some shredded low-moisture mozzarella is sold with a shelf life of up to six months. Due to its high moisture content, it is traditionally served the day after it is made but can be kept in brine for up to a week or longer when sold in vacuum-sealed packages. Mozzarella ( English: / ˌ m ɒ t s ə ˈ r ɛ l ə/, Italian: Neapolitan: muzzarella ) is a southern Italian semi-soft cheese traditionally made from Italian buffalo's milk by the pasta filata method.įresh mozzarella is generally white but when seasoned it turns to a light yellow depending on the animal's diet. Italian Mediterranean buffalo traditionally cattle cows in all 167 Italian regions in some areas also sheep and goat ![]() ![]() ![]() Sanding back and forth is not recommended, as you shouldn’t sand against the grain. Start with the scratch and work your way up, and determine the grain’s direction so you can sand in a single direction. ![]() Ensure you keep it wet and gently buff the stainless steel surface with your rubbing compound and following the grain. To remove deeper scratches, use a piece of wet sandpaper. Stainless-steel polish can disguise minor scratches, yet you’ll need to reapply regularly to keep products looking nice, which can be the only option if you have such protective coatings. Appliance manufacturers do often provide their cleaners, which you can find in home improvement stores. Revere Stainless Steel and Copper Cleaner are among the cleaners you can use to remove slight scratches from stainless steel. Whichever scratch removal method you use, remember not to try them on any stainless steel with a protective clear coat, or synthetic surface applied. To remove scratches from stainless-steel appliances, use these easy-to-follow steps. Thanks to its elegant looks and durability, stainless steel is popular for kitchen appliances, cookware, and sinks. Here is all you need to know about how to remove scratches from stainless steel How Do You Get Deep Scratches Out Of Stainless Steel? By the end, you’ll understand how to have the best-looking stainless steel sink, cookware, or appliances with no excessive effort and using your own cleaners for removing scratches. In our guide, you can learn how to remove scratches from stainless steel appliances the right way. It is worth noting here that you can find stainless steel, which has been treated with a protective clear coat or synthetic surface and using any cleaning methods means you could cause more damage. While you can get professional stainless steel restorers, you can use things from around the home. If you go against the grain, you’ll get scratches, which is why your cookware has scratches from washing heavy pots. When cleaning and using any abrasive substances, it is vital to follow the grain. When you look up close, you can see brush markings on the stainless steel surface, which they call the grain. Luckily, you can reduce such signs of wear and tear to a minimum, and you can remove scratches on stainless steel. Stainless steel is very strong, yet it has one flaw: it is prone to scratches from everyday use. You’ll find it used in sinks to appliances, worktops, and cabinet hardware. Stainless steel is a popular brushed finish kitchen material that is favored for its clean look and durability. ![]() ![]() ![]() It is about an Australian and an American bloke who were both suffering from auto-immune diseases and extreme obesity with one of them being on the brink of death with > 479 lbs in weight. Thanks to the recommendation of my friend Derrick Jones, I finally watched the documentary Fat, Sick and Nearly Deadlast night. Don’t ask a Lebanese to stop eating bread, brother. ![]() I have personally tried to lose weight on numerous occasions in the past, sometimes by watching my calorie intake, and other times by reducing sugars and starches, however I don’t seem to have been able to maintain any of those diets beyond just a few days. It’s just so hard, man! The ubiquitous availability of delicious high-calorie processed temptations around us just makes it so difficult on the average Joe to not get fat. How many of us have repeatedly ignored our doctor’s advice for weight management and a healthy lifestyle? And our lack of cooperation isn’t because we don’t trust them or because we don’t believe in the need to be healthier. It is only to highlight the Tsunami of processed and unhealthy “foods” that submerged our lifestyles into an ocean of obesity and diseases. This photo isn’t of me when I was young, nor am I poking fun at this poor kid. ![]() ![]() ![]() access_status: determines whether an annotation is private, shared or public.can_edit: list of users who can see and edit an annotation.can_see: list of users who can see but not edit an annotation.The annotation protocol can deal with authorization through URL query parameters. The W3C working group for Web Annotations suggests to use the audience property for any group-related aspects and that authorization and authentication are not responsibilities of the annotation data model (as discussed in this issue on GitHub: How do we model “groups” in the Annotation Model).Īuthentication is dealt with by the annotation server. There is also currently no provision in Alexandria for user-based access limitations, or grouping of users.] Capturing groups and permissions in annotations This can be an alternative or an additional way of dealing with edit/delete. ![]() DELETED annotations are hidden by default, but can still be retrieved. Also, sending a DELETE to an annotation sets the state of that annotation to DELETED. When referring to the annotation by URI, it always refers to the latest version of the annotation, but all versions of the annotation can be retrieved by adding /ver/ + the version number to the annotation URI. [BB: In Alexandria, there is no “editing” of an annotation as such, when you PUT to an existing annotation, this creates a new annotation that replaces the existing annotation, and increases the “version” number. Another way is to not allow changing/removing annotations that are targets of other annotations. One way of dealing with this is to add a notification to annotations that target a changed/deleted annotation. If an annotation is the target of a later annotation, it cannot be changed or removed without consequences. There are some issues regarding changing or deleting annotations. The client can indicate edit permissions through e.g. The server should check with each PUT request whether the user has edit permissions. creator, created) should not be changeable. The properties relation to the creation of the annotation (e.g. To avoid overly complex permission models, there should only be a single set of properties that are allowed to be changed. Changes are timestamped via the modified property. writing: the permission to make changes to an annotation, including deleting it.The responsibility lies with the server to return only annotations to a user who has read permissions. read: the permission to see/view/read an annotation.The owner of an annotation can have (What?) The server may return public annotations for requests without an authenticated user. public: the public represents any user.Users may want to share an annotation with multiple users and/or multi-user groups, so this can be a list of groups (single-user and multi-user groups). Additional groups can be made that can have multiple members. group: the group(s) who have access to the annotation.The owner can only be a single entity, e.g. By default, this is the creator of the annotation, but it should be possible to transfer ownership to other users or groups of users. owner: the user who is the owner of the annotation.R4: owners should be able to change operation permissions per level and per group.R2: the operation types reading and writing should have their own permissions.R1: there should be permission levels for owner, group and public.This results in the following list of requirements: The execute operation in UNIX has no meaningful correspondence in the annotation domain, so it can be discarded. This can also be based on the UNIX model for read/write/execute permissions. ![]() seeing (reading) and changing or removing (writing). Given that a user can create, retrieve, edit, and remove annotations, it makes sense to have separate permissions for different operations, e.g. The most basic permission is being able to read/see/view an annotation. It may also be desirable to transfer full permissions to a group of users. Transferring permissionsĮach annotation must have see/edit/delete permissions for at least one user (typically the creator), but there may be a need to transfer permissions to another user. A flexible solution for dealing with groups is the UNIX model, where users represent their own groups, but additional groups can be made to which multiple users can belong. scholarly-web-annotation-client Javascript annotation client for RDFa enriched web resources View on GitHubĪnnotation Access Permissions Permission Requirements Levels of permissionsįrom discussions with potential users it is clear there is a need to have different levels of permissions, with the default being private, that is, only the creator of an annotation can see/edit/delete the annotation. ![]() Annotation Access Permissions | scholarly-web-annotation-client Skip to the content. ![]() ![]() The Payment Calculator is for general estimation and illustration purposes, only. This may or may not include the dealer-installed accessories or all options chosen. The Payment Calculator will calculate a monthly payment based on the MSRP (or AXZ Plan pricing for authenticated Plan customers) of the vehicle you have chosen and configured.For information on pricing, please contact us using the information in the "Contact Us" section of our home page or use our email form for more information. Some dealers may also choose not to participate in plan pricing. AXZ Plan pricing where shown does not include taxes, title, license and registration fees, destination freight and delivery charges, dealer fees, and optional equipment.Ford Motor Company reserves the right to modify the terms of AXZ Plan pricing or availability at any time. Restrictions and eligibility requirements apply to the Plan.Not all AXZ Plan customers will qualify for the Plan pricing shown. The "MSRP" shown may also represent pricing for authenticated AXZ Plan (the "Plan") customers. ![]() Manufacturers Suggested Retail Price (also referred to as "MSRP", "Base MSRP" or the "Starting At" price), excludes taxes, title, license, registration and/or electronic filing fees, destination freight and delivery charges, dealer fees, and optional equipment.This list is not all-inclusive and we invite you to contact us directly using the information in the "Contact Us" section of our home page. Ford dealers value the confidence you have in the Ford brand and to that end we want you to understand the terms and representations we make on our site.īelow are definitions and disclosures related to the terms and functionalities you may encounter while you explore the Ford brand. ![]() ![]() This can be done by removing the electrical connector from the pump and connecting it to a multimeter. If the fuse is not blown, check if the pump is getting any power. If you do not hear whirring sound of the pump when you turn on the windshield washer system on your Toyota Corolla, you should first check the fuse for the pump. If there is no sound, then it means the pump is not working in your Corolla. You should hear the whirring of the pump.While standing outside your Corolla, switch on the windshield washer.Turn on your vehicle and open the driver’s door or roll down the window.You can do a quick diagnosis by performing a noise test. You can access the nozzles by following a few simple steps, as shown in the video. You don’t necessarily have to visit a workshop to replace the windshield washer nozzles on your Corolla. Video: Replacing washer nozzles in Toyota Corolla If you do hear the whirring sound coming from the front of your Corolla, the pump is working and the culprit is most probably clogged nozzles. ![]() If there is no sound, then it means the pump has failed or there is no power to the pump. You should hear the whirring of the pump. ![]() Now, stand outside and switch on the windshield washer. Switch on the vehicle and turn down the driver’s door window. The easiest way to check if the pump is working is by doing a noise test. With each pumping process, a larger area is wetted with washer fluid, at the same time, however, the finer nozzles tend to clog faster.ĭiagnosis: Before you decide on replacing the nozzles, you must rule out any problem with the washer pump or the hoses. However, modern cars are equipped with so-called “fan nozzles” or “micro-emitters” which produce a wider and finer spray jet. ![]() In older vehicles, drivers could easily clean the nozzles themselves by inserting a fine needle into the holes without any effort. The impurities can then be collected by the rainwater running off, which then gets caught in the nozzles and gradually clogs them. They are located near the bottom of the windshield, where dead insects, dust, pollen and limescale are often deposited. Clogged nozzles are often the reason why the windscreen washer system does not work on Corolla. ![]() ![]() ![]() "Poor maintenance, particularly for gas generators, was the overwhelming problem," he said, adding that gas-electric coordination is important and there "needs to be some changes." "From a top-level perspective, the report's findings don't change the picture," Tom Rutigliano, senior advocate for the Sustainable FERC Project within the Natural Resource Defense Council's Climate & Clean Energy Program, said in a phone call. The gas supply-related outages accounted for just over 11 GW (approximately 13% of total gas generation capacity) at the peak hour on Dec. "As with other resource types, outages on gas units were primarily attributed to physical plant issues (freezing and plant equipment issues), but gas generators also experienced a significant level of gas supply issues," according to the report. One stakeholder said it was "surprising" that there is nothing in the report about better electric-gas market coordination because the report was clear that lack of fuel was the single biggest constraint on energy delivery. There is open litigation on penalty outcomes for power generators who did not perform as required by PJM's rules that could not be discussed as part of the workshop, he said. "This is our process to do a deep dive of an event and share what we find with stakeholders," Keech said. PJM's report also included 30 separate recommendations to help bolster grid reliability during future extreme winter weather events. The 136-page report, published on July 17, offered an in-depth look at how the Mid-Atlantic grid operator responded to precipitous drops in temperatures across its 13-state footprint over the Christmas holiday weekend. ![]() "There are a handful of reasons why we do this report and one is to centralize information regarding actions and events, in this case for Winter Storm Elliott," Adam Keech, PJM's vice president of market design and economics, said during a Winter Storm Elliott Report Workshop that was held in person and remotely. ![]() Receive daily email alerts, subscriber notes & personalize your experience. ![]() |
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